Infection Control and Safety Protocols to Protect Sonographers and Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review
Main Article Content
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had an extensive health, social, and economic impact around the world. Owing to its high rate of transmission, implementing infection control and safety protocols become crucial in protecting sonographers and patients. This literature review explored various databases and search engines to acquire published peer-reviewed articles and multiple resources related to Canadian COVID-19 statistics and evidence-based practices. Information was used to discuss the importance of infection control and recommendations in adopting proper personal protective equipment (PPE) protocols. This includes wearing appropriate PPE, correct donning and dong procedures prior to and after interactions with patients, and proper hand hygiene. To effiectively fight COVID-19, it is essential for both sonographers and patients to adhere to these recommendations and protocols.
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References
References
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15. Sonography Department Safety Guidelines During COVID-19 [Internet]. Sonography Canada. [cited 2020 Aug 8]. Available from https://sonographycanada.ca/resources/covid-19-statements-resources-and-information-for-diagnostic-medical-sonographers-in-canada/sonography-department-operations
16. Get Your Clinic Ready for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) [Internet]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [cited 2020 Aug 8]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinic-preparedness.html
17. Rational use of personal protective equipment for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and considerations during severe shortages. World Health Organization [Internet]. 2020 [cited 3 June 2020];. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331695/WHO-2019-nCov-IPC_PPE_use-2020.3-eng.pdf
18. Checklist for hospitals preparing for the reception and care of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) patients [Internet]. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 3]. Available from:
https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/checklist-hospitals-preparing-reception-and-care-coronavirus-2019-covid-19
Image References
a. Accessed on Jun 3, 2020: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/A_FS_HCP_COVID19_PPE_11x17.pdf
b. Accessed on Jun 3, 2020: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/A_FS_HCP_COVID19_PPE_11x17.pdf
c. Accessed on Oct 16, 2020:
https://www.publichealthontario.ca/-/media/documents/j/2009/jcyh-handrub.pdf?la=en
1. Government of Canada [Internet]. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Outbreak update; [cited 2020 June 6]. Available from: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/2019-novel-coronavirus-infection.html
2. World Health Organization [Internet]. WHO Timeline – COVID-19; 2020 April 27 [cited 2020 June 6]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19
3. World Health Organization [Internet]. Canada; [cited 2020 June 6]. Available from: https://covid19.who.int/region/amro/country/ca
4. Government of Canada [Internet]. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Epidemiology update; [cited 2020 June 6]. Available from: https://health-infobase.canada.ca/covid-19/epidemiological-summary-covid-19-cases.html by selecting PDF link
5. Government of Canada [Internet]. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Epidemiology update; [cited 2020 June 6]. Available from: https://health-infobase.canada.ca/covid-19/epidemiological-summary-covid-19-cases.html
6. Public Health Ontario [Internet]. Epidemiologic Summary: COVID-19 in Ontario: January 15, 2020 to June 4, 2020; [cited 2020 June 6]. Available from: https://files.ontario.ca/moh-covid-19-report-en-2020-06-05-v2.pdf
7. D’Adamo H, Yoshikawa T, Ouslander Joseph G. Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Geriatrics and Long-Term Care: The ABCDs of COVID-19. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 June 6];65(5):912-917. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32212386/
8. Gardner W, States D, Bagley N. The Coronavirus and the Risks to the Elderly in Long-Term Care. Journal of aging and social policy [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 June 6];1-6. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08959420.2020.1750543
9. Nicolaa M, Alsafib Z, Sohrabic C, Kerwand A, Al-Jabird A, Iosifidisc C, et al. The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. Int. J. Surgery. 2020;78:185-193.
10. Public Health Ontario [Internet].Infection Prevention and Control [cited 2020 June 6]. Available from: https://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/health-topics/infection-prevention-control
11. Guner R,Hasanoglu I, Aktas F. COVID-19: Prevention and control measures in community.Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50:571-577.
12. Brewer N, Huang G, Kwon Y. Sonographer Safety Issues During the COVID-19 Pandemic [Internet]. Journal of echocardiography. J Echocardiogr; 2020 [cited 2020 May 28]. Available from: https://lrc.michener.ca:4280/32430790/?from_term=%28COVID-19%29+AND+sonographers&from_filter=simsearch3.fft&from_filter=ds1.y_1&from_filter=language.english&from_pos=4
13. Quick Guide on COVID-19 Protections- Patient and Ultrasound Provider Protection [Internet]. American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM). The association for medical ultrasound; [cited 2020 Jun 3]. Available from: https://aium.s3.amazonaws.com/covid19/Covid19_Quick_Guide_PUPP.pdf
14. CDC. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) [Internet]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [cited 2020 Jun 4]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-recommendations.html
15. Sonography Department Safety Guidelines During COVID-19 [Internet]. Sonography Canada. [cited 2020 Aug 8]. Available from https://sonographycanada.ca/resources/covid-19-statements-resources-and-information-for-diagnostic-medical-sonographers-in-canada/sonography-department-operations
16. Get Your Clinic Ready for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) [Internet]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [cited 2020 Aug 8]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinic-preparedness.html
17. Rational use of personal protective equipment for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and considerations during severe shortages. World Health Organization [Internet]. 2020 [cited 3 June 2020];. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331695/WHO-2019-nCov-IPC_PPE_use-2020.3-eng.pdf
18. Checklist for hospitals preparing for the reception and care of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) patients [Internet]. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 3]. Available from:
https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/checklist-hospitals-preparing-reception-and-care-coronavirus-2019-covid-19
Image References
a. Accessed on Jun 3, 2020: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/A_FS_HCP_COVID19_PPE_11x17.pdf
b. Accessed on Jun 3, 2020: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/A_FS_HCP_COVID19_PPE_11x17.pdf
c. Accessed on Oct 16, 2020:
https://www.publichealthontario.ca/-/media/documents/j/2009/jcyh-handrub.pdf?la=en