An Echocardiographic Guide to Distinguish a Rare Cardiac Abnormality: Case Study of Left Ventricular Diverticulum and Review of the Literature
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Abstract
Ventricular diverticulum is a rare cardiac condition with characteristics of a localized aneurysm from the cardiac chamber. This abnormality may exist either in isolation or with other cardiac defects. Clinically, patients with such a condition are often asymptomatic, however fatal complications can arise (1). Diagnosis can be established by two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography and supported by other diagnostic modalities. This article presents a case study with congenital left ventricular (LV) diverticulum from a 2-D echocardiographic approach, and aims to guide cardiac sonographers to make appropriate diagnosis from differential pathologies.
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References
(1) Cianciulli TF, Colaso PCG, Saccheri MC et al. Left ventricular diverticulum a rare echocardiographic finding: two adult patients and review of the literature. Cardiology Journal 2009;16(1):76-81
(2) Nikolav D, Grigorova V, Kirova G, et al. Rare diagnosis of fibrous cardiac diverticulum in an adult followed by urgent surgical intervention. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2012;15(3):563-5
(3) Alfonso L, Kottam A, Khetarpal V. Myocardial cleft crypt, diverticulum, or aneurysm? Does it really matter? Clin. Cardiol. 2009;32(8):48-51
(4) Sherif HMF, Maniar HS, Spadea N, et al. Left ventricular diverticulum mimicking ventricular pseudoaneurysm in an adult. Tex Heart Inst J. 2010;37(5):584-7
(5) Ohlow MA, Congenital left ventricular aneurysms and diverticula: definition, pathophysiology, clinical relevance and treatment. Cardiology 2006;106(2):63-72
(6) Mady C. Left ventricular diverticulum: analysis of two operated cases and review of the literature. Angiology 1982;33:280-6
(7) Vazquez-Jimenez J. Cardiac diverticulum. Orphanet encyclopedia 2003:1-2
(8) Makkuni P, Kotler MN, Figueredo VM, Diverticula and aneurysmal structures of the left ventricle in adults. Tex Heart Inst J. 2010;37(6):699-705
(9) Gadde S, Omar B, Chest pain with apical diverticulum in the absence of coronary artery disease: case report and review of the literature. Cardiol Res. 2015;6(6):352-6
(10) Bisoyi S, Dash AK, Nayak D, et al. Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm versus
aneurysm a diagnosis dilemma. Ann Card Anaesth. 2016;19(1):169-172
(11) Inayat F, Ghani AR, Riaz I, et al. Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm: an
overview of diagnosis and management. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep.
2018;6:2324709618792025
(2) Nikolav D, Grigorova V, Kirova G, et al. Rare diagnosis of fibrous cardiac diverticulum in an adult followed by urgent surgical intervention. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2012;15(3):563-5
(3) Alfonso L, Kottam A, Khetarpal V. Myocardial cleft crypt, diverticulum, or aneurysm? Does it really matter? Clin. Cardiol. 2009;32(8):48-51
(4) Sherif HMF, Maniar HS, Spadea N, et al. Left ventricular diverticulum mimicking ventricular pseudoaneurysm in an adult. Tex Heart Inst J. 2010;37(5):584-7
(5) Ohlow MA, Congenital left ventricular aneurysms and diverticula: definition, pathophysiology, clinical relevance and treatment. Cardiology 2006;106(2):63-72
(6) Mady C. Left ventricular diverticulum: analysis of two operated cases and review of the literature. Angiology 1982;33:280-6
(7) Vazquez-Jimenez J. Cardiac diverticulum. Orphanet encyclopedia 2003:1-2
(8) Makkuni P, Kotler MN, Figueredo VM, Diverticula and aneurysmal structures of the left ventricle in adults. Tex Heart Inst J. 2010;37(6):699-705
(9) Gadde S, Omar B, Chest pain with apical diverticulum in the absence of coronary artery disease: case report and review of the literature. Cardiol Res. 2015;6(6):352-6
(10) Bisoyi S, Dash AK, Nayak D, et al. Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm versus
aneurysm a diagnosis dilemma. Ann Card Anaesth. 2016;19(1):169-172
(11) Inayat F, Ghani AR, Riaz I, et al. Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm: an
overview of diagnosis and management. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep.
2018;6:2324709618792025